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Types and Distribution of Forest

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Types of Vegetation The following major types of vegetation may be divided into: (i)    Tropical Evergreen Forests (ii)   Tropical Deciduous Forests (iii) Tropical Thorn Forests and Shrubs (iv)   Montane Forests (v)Mangrove Forests Tropical Evergreen Forest These forests are concentrated in areas of heavy rainfall. It is located over the areas of the Western Ghats and the island groups of Lakshadweep, Andaman and Nicobar, upper parts of Assam and Tamil Nadu coast. They are found in areas where the rainfall is 200 cm of rainfall with a short dry season. The trees reach great heights up to 60 metres or even above. Since the region is characterised by warm and wet climate throughout the year. It has a luxuriant vegetation including — trees, shrubs, and creepers giving it a multi-layered structure. There is no definite time for trees to shed their leaves. As a result, these forests appear green all the year round, hence, they are called evergreen Some of the important trees of this forest
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Soil

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Introduction Soil is a material consists of five ingredients namely minerals, soil organic matter, living organisms, gas, and water. Soil minerals are divided into three classes on the basis of the size. Such as - clay, silt, and sand. Soil Profile Leaching is loss of soluble substances and colloids from the top layer of soil by percolating Precipitation.  'Horizon A' is the topmost layer, where organic materials along with the mineral matter, nutrients and water are present which are conducive for the growth of plants. 'Horizon B' is a transitional zone between the 'horizon A' and 'horizon C', and contains matter derived from below as well as from above. 'Horizon C' is consists of the loose parent material. This forms the first stage in the soil formation process and subsequently forms the above two layers. This arrangement of layers is known as the soil profile. Beneath these three horizons is the presence of parent rock the bedrock. Soil in In
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Indian Monsoon

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Season of india India has the four important seasons as Summer, winter, advent of monsoon and retreating of monsoon. The summer starts in India after 21 st of March and continue until 23 rd of September and winter  starts from 23 rd of September and continue until 21 st of March. Advent of monsoon means start of rainfall season in India. The advent of monsoon season in India starts from 15 th of June and continue until 15 th of September. Retreating of monsoon means end of rainfall season in India. The rainfall in India occurs in summer through south-west monsoon winds. Tamil Nadu is the only state in India receives rainfall in winter.   Advent of monsoon in india Farming in India is also called as the bet or gamble of monsoon. Indian climate is also called as the monsoon climate. The word monsoon was originated from an Arabic word Mausim which is also called half yearly or six-monthly winds. The monsoon winds are generated and enter in India by a  mechanism which includes following fa
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Climatic Division

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Introduction Climate refers to the total of weather variations over the large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years). Weather refers to the  atmospheric conditions for a shorter period of time. The elements of weather and climate are the same, i.e. temperature,  atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation. Weather conditions might fluctuate even within a day. For instance- Weather of Rajasthan in day and night. The climate of India is described as the 'monsoon' tropical type. In Asia, this type of climate is found mainly in the south and the southeast Asia F actors Affectin g C lim ate There are six major determinants of the climate of any place. Namely- latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents and relief features. LATITUDE- The amount of solar energy received varies according to latitude due to tilting of earth on its axis. As a result, temperature of a place decreases from the e
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Peninsula Drainage System

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  Introduction Peninsula rivers are older than the Himalayan rivers. They are non-perennial rivers with a maximum volume of water in the rainy season. The peninsular rivers have reached mature stage and have almost reached their base level. The vertical down cutting is absent that are characterized by broad and shallow valleys. The riverbanks are characterized by the gentle slopes. he main water divide of peninsular rivers is formed by the Western Ghats extending from north to south close to the western coast. The velocity of water in the rivers and the carrying capacity of the sediments of the streams is low due to low gradient. The major rivers of the peninsula such as the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the Cauvery flow eastwards and drains into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers make famous deltas at their mouths. But the rivers flowing westwards such as Narmada and Tapi drains in the Arabian Sea forms estuaries in place of deltas There are rivers form superimp
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Himalaya Drainage System

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Drainage System is an integrated system of the major stream and tributaries, which collect surface water to sea, lakes or some other body of water. Drainage Basin : The total area that drains water to a single drainage system is known as a drainage basin which are separated from a neighbouring basin by ridges and highlands hence, forming divides. Drainage Pattern: A geometric arrangement streams in a region is known as drainage pattern. Factors controlling drainage pattern : topography, slope, structural control, nature of rocks, tectonics activities, supply of water. Every stream or river forms unique pattern of drainage with their tributaries. Drainage Systems Based on the Size of the Catchment Area : Major River- 20,000 Sq km,  Medium River- 20,000-2,000 Sq km ' Minor River - 2,000 and below Sq km. Drainage Systems Based on Origin The Himalayan Rivers : The Indus, The Ganga, The Brahmaputra and their tributaries. Perennial rivers Non-Perennial rivers : Mahanadi, th
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